1830 : First regular railroad line
The railroad line connecting Liverpool in Manchester is opened thanks to the work of Georges Stephenson. This English engineer so succeeds in running the rocket, the first locomotive to transport quickly as well some coal as travelers. It is the starting point of the development of railroads for passengers and, at the same time, the tourism there.
1839 : Birth of travel guides Baedeker
German Karl Baedeker publishes a travel guide on the Rhine. His first works are a copy, translated into German, Murray's English guides but quickly take away a striking success. Handling countries of Europe and the United States, they will appear in French, then in English, from 1861. The quality of the supplied information, regularly updated, will be worth to them a world fame. German and British Air Forces will use them moreover during the Second World War.
1841 : Cook create the first travel agency
Thomas Cook is the initiator of the first journey of organized group. He so accompanies more than 500 people of Leicester to Loughborough. The purpose of the approach is to fight against the alcoholism. After the excursion, Cook will decide to base a travel agency which will bear its name. He will organize afterward numerous stays in Europe, will finalize the first organised trips and will invent the traveler's check. His son will take the succession of the agency in 1872 and will pursue his work.
1860 : Creation of the station of Deauville
Démi-frère of Napoleon III, the duke of Morny bases the sea resort of Deauville. He fell under the spell of Trouville-sur-Mer and of his neighborhood during a stay, two years earlier. Accompanied by doctor Olliffe, architect Breney and banker Donon, he meets no difficulty to begin the works. This is the way until 1864, the city will take shape, adorned with villas and with a racecourse. Harmed by a railroad, it will attract the nobility and all the celebrities, so developing the summer tourism.
1875 : Creation of the first French tourist office
The " Committee of the Walks " is born to Gérardmer, in Vosges and establishes the first tourist office of France. For years, the city welcomes a crowd of summer visitors. Hotels and leisure activities developed at a brisk pace, leading to the creation of the service(office). The latter aimed at increasing still tourists flow and at organizing at best their stay. Paths will thus be drawn at the heart of the nature and around lakes from Vosge.
1900 : Publication of the first guide Michelin
Michelin is equipped with an innovative promotional tool: a guide of restaurants and useful addresses for the motorists. The red guide was born. André Michelin asserts then: " this guide is born with century, he will last as much as him ", and it is indeed as well that this guide published first year to 35 000 copies is gradually made a fame. Free during 20 years, he will see in 1926 appearing " the Star of good table ". Establishing a strong experience in guides (yellow and green), Michelin raises its book among best-sellers for a long time. Hundred years later, he sells 800 000 copy of his guide in the year.
1919 : Inauguration of the commercial flight between Paris and London
The first regular international commercial flight was born. Connecting Paris in London, he can transport up to ten passengers. It is the Farman Goliath who assures this first connection. The commercial flights will multiply afterward, favoring the international tourism.
1924 : First putting into service of a highway
The Italian Puricelli, the founder of the company Strade e cellar, built the first real highway of the planet. It connects Milan in Varese in Italy, that is 85 kilometers. All other constructions of roads in two roads had stayed until then in the state of prototype, in particular in Germany and in the United States. According to the Italian example, Hitler will ask his government to make build highways in all Germany. At the end of the war, in 1945, the country will be endowed with about 3 800 kilometers of highways.
1950 : Birth of the first Club Méditerranée
Gilbert Trigano and Gérard Blitz bases the Club Méditerranée by opening the first site in Palma de Majorca, in the Balearic Islands. This association aims at offering to the different tourists leisure activities within a vacation village. The spirit of membership in the same group is deeply developed within clubs. The terms of " Kind Members " and " Kind Organizers " will be used to indicate the actors of the Club. Every customer will have to pay a contribution and can pay his diverse consumptions with colored balls. The association will know a period of crisis in the 1990s. In the term of a succession of repurchases, it will eventually set up new strategies.
1976 : Birth of Smart Bison
The Ministry of Transport gives birth to the small Indian asked to improve the road traffic during the holidays. The summer of the previous year, more than 60 000 cars were immobilized on about 600 km of traffic jam. This is the way Bison Futé, group compound of about ten people, manages to inform and to advise the motorists to organize better the traffic. From July, the result will be stunning and Bison Futé will so win the respect of the French people.
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